#1   François Englert: Physics 2013

Belgium survivor who survived as a Christian, hiding his Jewish identity.

#2   Martin Karplus: Chemistry 2013

Austrian survivor who fled to Switzerland after the Anschluss (German annexation of Austria) in 1938 and then emigrated to the United States.

#3   Avram Hershko: Chemistry 2004

Survived the war in ghettos in Hungary.

#4   Imre Kertész: Literature 2002

Survivor from Hungary who was interned in Auschwitz death camp and Buchenwald concentration camp.

#5   Walter Kohn: Chemistry 1998

Austrian survivor who escaped to England in 1939 as part of the Kindertransport rescue operation. Sent to Canada in 1940 where he was interned in detention camps.

#6   Rita Levi-Montalcini:  Medicine 1986

Italian survivor who survived the war by hiding underground in Florence.

#7   Elie Wiesel: Peace 1986

Romanian survivor of Auschwitz and Buchenwald.

#8   Roald Hoffman: Chemistry 1981

Survived the war in a ghetto, labor camp and hiding in Poland.

#9   Arno Penzias: Physics 1978

German Jew evacuated to England in 1939 as part of the Kindertransport rescue operation.

#10. Sir Bernard Katz: Physiology or Medicine 1970

German Jew who fled to England in 1935 after increased discriminatory practices against Jewish academics by the German Nazi government.

#11 Nelly Sachs: Literature 1966

Survivor who fled Germany in 1940 and arrived in Sweden as a war refugee.